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Panama’s competition regime is based on the Law on Consumer Protection and Competition Defense (Law No. 45 of October 31, 2007).
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The competition regime in Paraguay is founded on the Law on the Defense of Competition (Law No. 4956/2013), which is regulated by Decree No. 1490/2014.
Peru's enforcement authority is the National Institute for the Defense of Competition and Protection of Intellectual Property (INDECOPI).
The Philippine Competition Act was enacted in 2015. The PCC, formed in 2016, is an independent body led by a Chairperson and four Commissioners appointed by the President.
Russia’s competition law regime is based on the Federal Law No. 135-FZ, enacted on July 26, 2006, and the Presidential Decree No. 314 issued on June 30, 2004.
The Competition Law of Saudi Arabia was enacted in 2004. The GAC, formed in 2017, is an independent body governed by a Board with members from various ministries and sectors.
Singapore’s Competition Act was enacted in 2004. The CCCS, formed in 2005 and renamed in 2018, is a statutory board under MTI, led by a Chairman, CEO, and Commission Members.
South Africa’s Competition Act was enacted in 1998. The CCSA, formed in 1999, is an independent body under DTIC, led by a Commissioner and working with the Tribunal and Appeal Court.
The Trade Competition Act of Thailand was enacted in 2017. The TCC, formed in 1999, is an autonomous body supported by the OTCC, handling operations independently.
UAE's Competition Law (Decree-Law No. 36) was enacted in Dec 2023. The Ministry of Economy enforces it via its Competition Dept and Regulation Committee.